Yes, with two checks worth doing.
The eSIM itself is safe by design. A profile is a carrier credential written to a secure element in your phone. It cannot read your data, your messages or your other SIM. Deleting it removes it completely.
The purchase is where care is needed. Buy from a provider that shows the exact networks and countries a plan covers before payment, states its refund position clearly, and can be reached by a human when something breaks. A cheap plan from a seller who disappears when the line does not connect is the real risk, not the technology.
One practical safeguard: a QR code can normally be installed only once. Do not share it, and do not buy from anyone reselling codes second-hand.